Villas & townhouses

1. Pre-applied waterproofing membrane laid over the blinding concrete – Keshun Aquaprufe APF-C: Self-adhesive selvedge laps; roll ends taped with double-sided HDPE tape

Alternatives: Keshun Aquaprufe APF-D110 – Pre-applied TPO membrane with heat-welded seams (per TDS).

External face of the structure, in contact with the ground. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See basement waterproofing

1. PVC waterstop placed at the centre of the construction joint – Buildmix Waterstop PVC: V20 or O20 (200 mm wide); water tanks V20 / V25
2. Hydrophilic swelling bar at construction joints; PU sealant around pipe penetrations: Ancillary materials per detail drawings

Slab–wall construction joints of basements and tanks; service pipes through the structure. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See basement waterproofing

1. Epoxy primer – Keshun FL1101: 0.2 kg/m²
2. Polyurethane membrane – Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C: 1.4 kg/m² in 2 coats

Retaining walls accessible from outside: waterproof the external face before backfilling. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See basement waterproofing

1. Waterstop at construction joints – Buildmix Waterstop PVC: V20 / V25
2. Cement-latex bonding slurry – Buildmix Latex: Per TDS
3. Waterproofing coat with reinforcing mesh at corners and penetrations – Buildmix Polylastic: 0.8 kg/m² in 1 coat
4. Waterproofing of tank base and walls – Buildmix Polylastic: 2.4 kg/m² in 3 coats
5. Protective render or tiling (required over Polylastic): Per architectural drawings

Alternatives: Keshun Aquaflex KS-988A – Acrylic polymer-cementitious type III (per TDS: pools, water tanks); needs a protective render or tiling; Keshun Aquaflex KS-168N – Immersion-grade polymer-cementitious (per TDS: pools, water tanks, fire-fighting reservoirs); Buildmix EP 202W – Water-based epoxy coating — serves as the finish, no protection layer needed.

Internal face of tank base and walls. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings.

1. Cementitious tile adhesive – Buildmix Tile Adhesive: Per TDS
2. Epoxy grout – Demex Epoxy Tile Grouts: By tile size and joint width — see the colour chart

Alternatives: Demex R600 – Two-part epoxy adhesive for natural stone: back-coats the stone against staining (per TDS).

Finished floors and walls. Basis: the manufacturer's technical data sheet (TDS).

1. Water-based, UV-resistant waterproof coating – Keshun XS-505: Per TDS: 2.0 kg/m² per 1 mm film

Alternatives: Buildmix Wallcoat UV-Flex – Elastomeric waterproof coating (per TDS: 0.3 kg/m² per coat).

External wall face, exposed. Basis: the manufacturer's technical data sheet (TDS).

1. Waterstop at construction joints – Buildmix Waterstop PVC: V20 / V25
2. Waterproofing coat with reinforcing mesh at corners – Buildmix Polylastic: 0.8 kg/m² in 1 coat
3. Waterproofing of pool base and walls – Buildmix Polylastic: 1.6 kg/m² in 2 coats
4. Screed and finishes: Per architectural drawings

Alternatives: Keshun Aquaflex KS-168N – Immersion-grade polymer-cementitious (per TDS: pools, water tanks, landscape ponds); Keshun Aquaflex KS-988A – Acrylic polymer-cementitious type III (per TDS: pools, water tanks); needs a protective render or tiling.

Internal face of pool base and walls, balance tanks. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings.

1. Pack around pipe penetrations with non-shrink grout, seal with PU sealant; form coving at wall bases with repair mortar – Buildmix Grout M40 / M60 / M80: Per detail drawings
2. Waterproofing coat with reinforcing mesh at corners and pipe penetrations – Buildmix Polylastic: 0.8 kg/m² in 1 coat
3. Waterproofing of the whole floor and wall upstands – Buildmix Polylastic: 1.6 kg/m² in 2 coats
4. Screed and finishes: Per architectural drawings

Alternatives: Keshun Aquaflex KS-988A – Keshun acrylic polymer-cementitious waterproofing (per TDS: bathrooms, balconies, wet areas); Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C – Polyurethane membrane (per TDS: kitchens, bathrooms, balconies).

Floor and wall upstands, under the screed and tiling. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See bathroom & balcony waterproofing

1. Epoxy primer – Keshun FL1101: 0.2 kg/m²
2. Polyurethane membrane – Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C: 1.4 kg/m² in 2 coats
3. Quartz sand broadcast, protective screed, geotextile: Per detail drawings

Inside face of the planter, under the growing soil. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See roof & terrace waterproofing

1. Epoxy primer – Keshun FL1101: 0.2 kg/m²
2. Polyurethane membrane – Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C: 1.4 kg/m² in 2 coats
3. Weathering top coat – Keshun Aquacoat 680: 0.3 kg/m²

Alternatives: Keshun Aquacoat KS-20 – Spray-applied two-component polyurea replacing the main membrane, for large areas; needs dedicated spray equipment (per VNA standard detail drawings); Keshun XS-505 – Water-based exposed waterproof coating for concrete roofs (per TDS).

The membrane works directly under sun and rain, with no protection layer. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See roof & terrace waterproofing

1. Epoxy primer – Keshun FL1101: 0.2 kg/m²
2. Polyurethane membrane – Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C: 1.4 kg/m² in 2 coats
3. Quartz sand broadcast for key: 2.0 kg/m²
4. XPS insulation, protective concrete, finishes: Per architectural drawings

Covered roofs: insulation, protective concrete or tiling above the membrane. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See roof & terrace waterproofing

1. Epoxy primer – Keshun FL1101: 0.2 kg/m²
2. Polyurethane membrane – Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C: 1.4 kg/m² in 2 coats
3. Weathering top coat – Keshun Aquacoat 680: 0.3 kg/m²

Alternatives: Keshun Aquacoat KS-20 – Spray-applied two-component polyurea replacing the main membrane, for large areas; needs dedicated spray equipment (per VNA standard detail drawings); Keshun XS-505 – Water-based exposed waterproof coating for concrete roofs (per TDS).

The membrane works directly under sun and rain, with no protection layer. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See roof & terrace waterproofing

1. Epoxy primer – Keshun FL1101: 0.2 kg/m²
2. Polyurethane membrane – Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C: 1.4 kg/m² in 2 coats
3. Quartz sand broadcast for key: 2.0 kg/m²
4. XPS insulation, protective concrete, finishes: Per architectural drawings

Covered roofs: insulation, protective concrete or tiling above the membrane. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See roof & terrace waterproofing

1. Pack around pipe penetrations with non-shrink grout, seal with PU sealant; form coving at wall bases with repair mortar – Buildmix Grout M40 / M60 / M80: Per detail drawings
2. Waterproofing coat with reinforcing mesh at corners and pipe penetrations – Buildmix Polylastic: 0.8 kg/m² in 1 coat
3. Waterproofing of the whole floor and wall upstands – Buildmix Polylastic: 1.6 kg/m² in 2 coats
4. Screed and finishes: Per architectural drawings

Alternatives: Keshun Aquaflex KS-988A – Keshun acrylic polymer-cementitious waterproofing (per TDS: bathrooms, balconies, wet areas); Keshun Aquacoat KS-929C – Polyurethane membrane (per TDS: kitchens, bathrooms, balconies).

Floor and wall upstands, under the screed and tiling. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings. See bathroom & balcony waterproofing

1. Water-based, UV-resistant waterproof coating – Keshun XS-505: Per TDS: 2.0 kg/m² per 1 mm film

Alternatives: Buildmix Wallcoat UV-Flex – Elastomeric waterproof coating (per TDS: 0.3 kg/m² per coat).

External wall face, exposed. Basis: the manufacturer's technical data sheet (TDS).

1. Cementitious tile adhesive – Buildmix Tile Adhesive: Per TDS
2. Epoxy grout – Demex Epoxy Tile Grouts: By tile size and joint width — see the colour chart

Alternatives: Demex R600 – Two-part epoxy adhesive for natural stone: back-coats the stone against staining (per TDS).

Finished floors and walls. Basis: the manufacturer's technical data sheet (TDS).

1. Waterstop at construction joints – Buildmix Waterstop PVC: V20 / V25
2. Cement-latex bonding slurry – Buildmix Latex: Per TDS
3. Waterproofing coat with reinforcing mesh at corners and penetrations – Buildmix Polylastic: 0.8 kg/m² in 1 coat
4. Waterproofing of tank base and walls – Buildmix Polylastic: 2.4 kg/m² in 3 coats
5. Protective render or tiling (required over Polylastic): Per architectural drawings

Alternatives: Keshun Aquaflex KS-988A – Acrylic polymer-cementitious type III (per TDS: pools, water tanks); needs a protective render or tiling; Keshun Aquaflex KS-168N – Immersion-grade polymer-cementitious (per TDS: pools, water tanks, fire-fighting reservoirs); Buildmix EP 202W – Water-based epoxy coating — serves as the finish, no protection layer needed.

Internal face of tank base and walls. Basis: VNA's set of standard waterproofing detail drawings.